Pathogenesis and Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon

Abstract

The pathogenesis of coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) remains incompletely elucidated. Its clinical manifestations primarily include symptoms such as angina pectoris and chest pain, with complex pathological mechanisms that often coexist with other cardiovascular diseases. Current diagnostic approaches rely on coronary angiography, flow reserve assessment, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, existing diagnostic methods still exhibit limitations. In terms of treatment, pharmacological therapy and microvascular interventional therapy are common strategies. Nonetheless, the management of CSFP faces numerous challenges, and long-term prognostic evaluations remain insufficient. This review explores the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies of CSFP, aiming to provide more precise references for clinical diagnosis and management.