Journal of Contemporary Medical Practice
Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Serkan TURSUN ISSN: 2006-2745 Frequency: Monthly Submit Email: jcmp@bryanhousepub.org APC: $300 Journal of Contemporary Medical Practice (JCMP) is an initiative to encourage researchers, clinicians and individuals to share research advances the field of addiction medicine. The Journal of Contemporary Medical Practice is a unique platform that publishes current findings in science and medicine and promotes health and wellness. The editorial board of JCMP is a committed team of experts that ensures quality publishing of complete and reliable sources of information on discoveries and current developments in the field of Contemporary Medical Practice. It is a scientific, internationally refereed journal that publishes retrospective / prospective clinical and laboratory studies, interesting case presentations, invited collections, editorial letters, original images, short reports and surgical technical articles about every branch of medicine.
Central Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Series of Four Patients with Radiological and Clinical Correlates
Abstract: Background: Lung adenocarcinoma, the most common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), typically originates in the peripheral regions of the lung.¹,² However, a subset of these tumors may present centrally, involving the bronchial tree and hilar structures, mimicking radiologic patterns of other central malignancies such as squamous cell carcinoma.³ Central adenocarcinomas are underrecognized and may present at advanced stages due to delayed symptom onset and diagnostic challenges.⁴ Objective: To describe the clinical, radiologic, and staging characteristics of central bronchogenic adenocarcinoma in four patients, and to highlight the importance of identifying atypical central presentations of a typically peripheral tumor. Methods: This prospective case series includes four patients diagnosed with centrally located lung adenocarcinoma at East Point College of Medical Sciences and Research Center over a 12-month period from January 2024. Detailed clinical history, chest CT findings, and histopathological results were reviewed and analyzed. Results: All four patients presented with central masses involving the main or lobar bronchi and perihilar regions. CT imaging revealed features such as bronchial obstruction, lobar collapse, lymphangitis carcinomatosis, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, vascular encasement, and in two cases, metastatic disease.⁵ All four patients underwent bronchoscopic biopsy. Histopathological evaluation confirmed adenocarcinoma (non- mucinous) in all cases, despite radiologic features resembling squamous cell carcinoma.³ The central tumor location contributed to advanced-stage diagnosis in these patients. Conclusion: This case series highlights an emerging and clinically significant shift in the anatomical presentation of lung adenocarcinoma. Recognizing central bronchogenic adenocarcinomas on imaging is crucial for timely diagnosis and appropriate management.⁶ Radiologists and clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for adenocarcinoma even in centrally located masses and confirm the diagnosis histologically to guide optimal therapy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Onkar Shinde, Mrunal Surve https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
The Role of Panchakarma in Pediatric Disorders
Abstract: The intersection of traditional wisdom and child healthcare has rarely been as compelling as it is in the application of Panchakarma therapies to pediatric disorders. This article thoughtfully reviews the role of Panchakarma an ancient detoxification and rejuvenation method within Ayurveda in the context of Bala-Roga (childhood diseases). Drawing upon classical Ayurvedic texts and contemporary observations, the paper explores how specialized treatments like Snehana, Swedana, Basti, Nasya, and Deepana-Pachana can be adapted for children's unique physiological profiles. It is evident that pediatric applications require not just careful calibration of dosage and method, but also a sensitive understanding of a child's developing body and mind. The discussion takes this further by highlighting the importance of age-appropriate formulations, dosage moderation, and procedural gentleness, all rooted in Ayurvedic principles of Soukumarya (tenderness) and Alpakayatva (incompleteness). This raises another point—how deeply Ayurvedic pediatrics aligns with the ethos of holistic and preventive care. Ultimately, this review not only reaffirms the therapeutic value of Panchakarma in managing various pediatric conditions such as respiratory disorders and cerebral palsy, but also calls for caution, customization, and further clinical exploration in practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Serhan Mohanraj, Alshammari Tarunika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Clinical Research Advances in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer Using Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive gastrointestinal malignancy with a very high mortality rate, representing a significant medical challenge. This chapter systematically reviews the literature to introduce the advantages and recent research achievements of both Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western medicine in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Regarding TCM, this chapter primarily covers the etiology and pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, syndrome differentiation and treatment, clinical experience of renowned physicians, common herbal formulas, and external therapies, highlighting the strengths of TCM in addressing both the root cause and symptoms, as well as its approach of treating the disease based on syndrome differentiation. Regarding Western medicine, the chapter briefly introduces the current status of comprehensive treatment centered on surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, as well as targeted and immunotherapy. Subsequently, this paper focuses on methods that integrate TCM therapeutic approaches with surgical treatment, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and minimally invasive interventional therapies to improve treatment efficacy, reduce adverse effects, prolong survival, and enhance quality of life. The author believes this represents the mainstream direction for future development in this field and will be a key focus of future research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Xiaorui Wang, Chenguang Yang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Treating Depression-Related Fatigue from the Perspective of “The Liver is the Basis of Resistance to Fatigue”
Through an in-depth analysis of the theoretical connotation of “the liver is the basis of resistance to fatigue” (“baiji zhi ben”), this paper proposes that the physiological functions of the liver in regulating blood and governing qi movement play essential roles in the body’s ability to tolerate physical and mental fatigue. The development of depression-related fatigue is closely related to dysfunction of the liver in governing free coursing and storage. In terms of pathogenesis, the manifestation lies in the “basis of resistance to fatigue,” the root lies in the disorder of the liver’s substance and function, and the key mechanism lies in the instability of the ethereal soul (“hun”). Regarding treatment, attention should be paid to three aspects: soothing the liver to relieve depression and regulating qi movement; nourishing blood, strengthening the spleen, reinforcing yang, and tonifying deficiency; and regulating the spirit (“shen”), calming the ethereal soul, and harmonizing body and spirit. It is hoped that such approaches may contribute to the treatment of depression-related fatigue.
Copyright (c) 2026 Xin Zhong, Lifang Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Rapid Resolution of Acute Otitis Externa in a Young Female Through Individualized Homoeopathic Management: A Case Report with Scientific Correlates
Background: Acute otitis externa (AOE) is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the external auditory canal, often resulting from bacterial or fungal infections. Conventional treatments primarily involve antibiotics and corticosteroids. However, the rise in antimicrobial resistance has necessitated the exploration of alternative therapeutic modalities, including individualised Homoeopathic interventions. Objective: To document and analyse the clinical outcome of a 25-year-old female patient with AOE managed through individualised Homoeopathic treatment, supplemented by topical care, and to correlate the therapeutic approach with existing scientific literature. Methods: The patient presented with symptoms indicative of AOE, including severe otalgia, pruritus, serous discharge, and visible fungal overgrowth in the left ear canal. A comprehensive Homoeopathic case-taking was conducted, leading to the prescription of Hepar sulphuris calcareum 200C, followed by Gunpowder 6C administered thrice daily for two days. Additionally, the external auditory canal was cleansed with sterilised swabs, and Calendula officinalis dusting powder was applied topically to promote healing. Clinical progress was monitored over a 48-hour period. Results:Within 24 hours of initiating treatment, the patient reported significant relief from pain and itching. Complete resolution of symptoms and normalisation of the ear canal’s appearance were observed within 48 hours. No recurrence was noted during a 10-day follow-up period. Conclusion:This case highlights the potential efficacy of individualised homoeopathic treatment in managing acute external ear infections. The integration of internal remedies with topical applications facilitated rapid recovery without the use of conventional antibiotics. Further clinical studies are warranted to substantiate these findings and explore the broader applicability of homoeopathy in treating AOE.
Copyright (c) 2026 Narendar Kumar Ale https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction Oral Administration Combined with Sequential Herbal Compress Therapy for Sequelae of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease with Cold-Dampness Stagnation: A Clinical Efficacy Study
Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and impact on patients’ quality of life of the combined treatment of modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction for oral administration and sequential herbal compress therapy in treating sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease (SPID) characterized by cold-damp stagnation. Methods: A total of 80 patients with cold-damp stagnation-type SPID who visited Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fourth Hospital) from January 2024 to January 2026 were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group (40 patients each) using a random number table. The control group received levofloxacin combined with metronidazole, while the observation group received the same regimen plus oral administration of modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction combined with sequential herbal compress therapy (Tazhi). Both groups underwent treatment for 4 weeks. Clinical efficacy, TCM syndrome scores, local physical signs scores, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, McCormack scores, SF-36 quality of life scores, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: The overall response rate in the observation group was 92.50%, higher than the 75.00% in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores, local physical signs scores, VAS scores, and McCormack scores in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05); the SF-36 scores for bodily pain, physical functioning, role-physical, and general health were higher in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The sequential therapy combining oral administration of modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction with herbal compress therapy demonstrates significant efficacy in treating SPID of the cold-damp stagnation pattern. It effectively improves patients’ clinical symptoms, physical signs, and quality of life, alleviates pain, and is safe and reliable.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rui Yao, Xiaoju Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Exploring the Correlation Between Heart Rate Variability and Post-Stroke Depression Based on the “Heart Governing the Mind” Theory
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common neuropsychiatric complication following stroke, characterized by high prevalence and substantial detriment to neurological recovery and quality of life. However, stable, convenient, and objective physiological markers for early clinical screening of PSD remain lacking. Heart rate variability (HRV), a non-invasive quantitative indicator of autonomic nervous function, has drawn increasing attention in the prediction of PSD in recent years. Grounded in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory that “the heart governs the mind,” this article systematically reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, current prediction and diagnostic approaches for PSD, the physiological basis of HRV, and advances in its application to PSD prediction. Existing evidence indicates that PSD patients commonly exhibit abnormal HRV parameters, manifested primarily as reduced vagal activity indices (rMSSD, PNN50) and an elevated sympathovagal balance index (LF/HF). HRV demonstrates favorable predictive value for PSD (AUC 0.61–0.78), corroborating the intrinsic physiological connection between the “heart” and the “mind” postulated by the “heart governing the mind” theory. This review aims to provide new insights into early objective screening for PSD and to offer scientific evidence for the modern interpretation of TCM theory.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jie Li, Xiaole Zhang, Zucheng Han https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Exploration of the Application of Food as Medicine Liver Function Regulator in the Treatment of Fatigue Based on the Theory of “Liver is the Basis of Resistance to Fatigue”
Fatigue disorder is characterized by a core pathogenesis of Deficiency of the Five Zang Organs and Deficiency and Debility of Qi, Blood, Yin, and Yang, manifesting as chronic weakness and fatigue. Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine theory that “Liver is the Basis of Resistance to Fatigue,” this article systematically explores the pathological relationship between the liver and Fatigue disorder, as well as the therapeutic value of Food as Medicine Liver Function Regulator. As the “Liver is the Basis of Resistance to Fatigue,” failure of its Blood storage and disorder of its free coursing and discharging may lead to concurrent impairment in the transformation of essence, qi, and form, thereby forming a vicious cycle progressing from Loss of softness of the liver body to reckless stirring of ministerial fire and ultimately to scorching yin results in fatigue taxation. By integrating theoretical exposition with empirical analysis, the study elucidates the pivotal role of the liver in the pathogenesis of Fatigue and identifies Food as Medicine substances, including rose flower, wolfberry, mulberry, and fingered citron, for interventions aimed at Regulating the liver.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zhan Zhang, Xiaoting Li, Bao Xin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
An Assessment of Oral Health Knowledge, Practices, and Susceptibility to Oral Diseases Among Students
Oral health is a vital component of general health, especially among students whose daily habits can significantly influence long - term well - being. This study aims to assess students’ knowledge, practices, and awareness of oral hygiene and their susceptibility to oral diseases. A cross - sectional survey was conducted among school and college students aged 10–22 using structured questionnaires covering oral health knowledge, daily practices, diet, and history of dental problems. The results indicate a moderate level of oral health awareness among students, yet a significant gap exists between knowledge and practice. Poor brushing techniques, infrequent dental visits, and high consumption of sugary foods contribute to their vulnerability to dental caries, gingivitis, and other oral diseases. Moreover, socio - economic status and parental education levels showed a strong correlation with oral hygiene practices. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted oral health education programs in schools and colleges. By improving awareness and promoting healthy practices early in life, it is possible to reduce the burden of oral diseases and improve students' quality of life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shashikumar Bhambhani, Dhandhukiya Ridham Ketankumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
A Brief Discussion on Adolescent Anxiety and Depression
Adolescence is a critical developmental stage with high susceptibility to anxiety and depression. This review summarizes relevant findings covering epidemiology, pathogenesis, neurobiology, diagnosis and treatments. Global prevalence of adolescent emotional disorders has risen continuously and was further escalated by the COVID-19 pandemic, with females at higher risk. Pathogenesis results from combined genetic, epigenetic and toxic stress factors alongside brain network and gut-brain axis dysfunction. Differing from adults, affected adolescents mainly present with irritability, somatic discomfort and school refusal, prone to misdiagnosis. SSRIs dominated pharmacotherapy with fluoxetine prioritized, while CBT and IPT-A are effective non-drug interventions. Multilevel collaborative prevention systems are essential to optimize adolescent mental health management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ying Sun, Yaling Lei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Research Progress of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine in Chronic Heart Failure
Chronic heart failure (CHF), as a complex syndrome caused by impaired myocardial structure and function resulting in decreased cardiac function, is a common manifestation of various heart diseases at their advanced stages. Its incidence has significantly increased with the aging of our population, and the annual mortality rate is as high as 40%. Although modern medicine has continuously made progress in exploring the pathogenesis of CHF and optimizing treatment plans, its incidence and mortality rate remain high. Moreover, the efficacy of conventional Western medicine treatment is limited and the targets are single, and long-term application may lead to drug resistance. In recent years, the application of traditional Chinese medicine in the clinical treatment of heart failure has become increasingly common. Based on modern pharmacological research, traditional Chinese medicine has the effects of increasing patients' exercise tolerance, improving cardiac function, diuresis, dilating blood vessels, regulating neuroendocrine function, inhibiting inflammatory cytokines, etc. Therefore, this article aims to comprehensively elaborate on the main treatment methods of both for heart failure, in order to provide evidence support for clinical researchers to conduct more in-depth studies on heart failure in the future.
Copyright (c) 2026 Huan Zhao, Yuanlin Lei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Skin Pruritus in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients and Related Pathogenesis Thinking
The pathogenesis of skin pruritus in maintenance hemodialysis patients is complex, and modern medical treatment is facing a bottleneck. Based on the theory of “deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality,” traditional Chinese medicine has been deepening its understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease, and has formed a consensus based on spleen and kidney deficiency and mutual accumulation of dampness, turbidity, blood stasis and heat. On this basis, the external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine represented by traditional Chinese medicine fumigation / medicated bath and acupoint stimulation (auricular point, massage, scraping) shows definite curative effect and unique advantages, and the comprehensive combination scheme has become the trend of clinical research. However, the existing research is still insufficient in terms of theoretical depth, program standardization and mechanism of action. This paper systematically reviews the relevant literature, summarizes the evolution of the understanding of etiology and pathogenesis and the progress of treatment, and puts forward the introduction of the theory of “imbalance between Ying and Wei” to integrate the existing understanding and deepen the thinking of the theory of external treatment, in order to provide direction for future clinical and scientific research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yating Gao, Yanlong Zhao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
A Descriptive Study to Assess Knowledge of Antenatal Care Among Pregnant Women
Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) is essential for ensuring maternal and fetal well - being. Timely diagnostic screening and awareness of antenatal tests play a crucial role in reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity. However, knowledge regarding these tests remains suboptimal in many low - resource settings. Aim & Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge levels of pregnant women regarding antenatal laboratory tests and to identify sociodemographic factors influencing their awareness. Methodology: A cross - sectional descriptive study was conducted among 350 pregnant women attending urban primary healthcare centers. Participants in their second or third trimester were enrolled using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured, validated questionnaire covering demographic details and a 25 - item knowledge assessment. Statistical analysis included chi - square tests and logistic regression using SPSS version 25. Results: Only 14.9% of women demonstrated good knowledge, while 32.0% had poor knowledge. Awareness was highest for hemoglobin testing (81.7%) and lowest for the oral glucose tolerance test (18.3%). Graduate education (AOR=4.8), ≥4 ANC visits (AOR=3.2), upper socioeconomic status (AOR=5.1), and urban residence (AOR=2.4) were significantly associated with better knowledge (p<0.05). Conclusion: Educational status, frequency of ANC visits, socioeconomic position, and urban residence are key determinants of maternal knowledge about antenatal testing. Targeted interventions are needed to improve awareness among disadvantaged groups.
Copyright (c) 2026 Binjay Nirin, Chebe Komow https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Research Progress in Acupuncture-Assisted Rehabilitation for Post-Stroke Hemiplegia
Post-stroke hemiplegia is one of the most common and typical functional impairments after stroke. It is mainly characterized by reduced motor function of the affected limbs, impaired gait and balance, and limitations in activities of daily living, thereby exerting a profound impact on prognosis and quality of life. In recent years, acupuncture-assisted rehabilitation, a comprehensive treatment approach combining acupuncture with modern rehabilitation training, has attracted increasing attention in the rehabilitation of post-stroke hemiplegia. During acupuncture needle retention, patients perform active movement, task-oriented training, gait training, and balance training simultaneously, which may activate a synergistic mechanism of “acupuncture stimulation–sensory feedback–motor learning–central nervous system remodeling,” thereby promoting neurological recovery and motor functional reconstruction. Existing evidence suggests that acupuncture-assisted rehabilitation has favorable effects in improving limb motor function, promoting gait and balance recovery, alleviating spasticity, and improving swallowing function. This review summarizes recent domestic clinical applications, characteristics of different acupuncture methods, and mechanistic studies related to acupuncture-assisted rehabilitation for post-stroke hemiplegia over the past five years, with the aim of providing a practical reference for standardized clinical application.
Copyright (c) 2026 Haoyu Dong, Mingming Feng, Zhe Zhang, Xi Li, Zhaoxin Wan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Analysis of Professor Liu Zhibin’s Academic Experience in Acupuncture and Moxibustion
Professor Liu Zhibin is the academic leader of acupuncture, moxibustion, and tuina of the Shaanxi school. He has been deeply engaged in the clinical practice, teaching, and scientific research of acupuncture, moxibustion, and tuina for over 40 years. His academic work is rooted in the classical theories of the jingjin (muscle region) and gudu (bone measurement) from the Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor, integrated with modern fascial anatomy and neuroscience, forming four core academic systems: “fascia-related theory,” “brain-gut co-regulation,” “olfactory-collateral brain resuscitation,” and “bone-point direct reaching.” Professor Liu has pioneered three original distinctive therapies: the bone-touching needling method, the scalp hairline micro-needle system, and the olfactory three-needle therapy. He has also established a point-selection system based on the principles of “taking pain as the acupoint,” “back-mu point pairing,” and “treating both root and branch.” Clinically, he has developed stratified pattern differentiation and treatment protocols combining acupuncture and tuina for neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease), spinal disorders (adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, sinew-related pain conditions), functional gastrointestinal disorders, and gynecological pain syndromes. A large number of animal experiments have elucidated the molecular mechanisms of acupuncture from perspectives such as ferroptosis, oxidative stress, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and the brain-gut axis. Professor Liu’s academic path of “honoring classics, integrating anatomy, emphasizing empirical evidence, and innovating methods” provides a replicable paradigm for modern acupuncture and moxibustion.
Copyright (c) 2026 San Lin Aung, Weigang Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Relationship between Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion and Reproductive Tract Microbiota and Research Progress on the Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine
The pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) has not been fully elucidated. Reproductive tract microecological imbalance is considered one of its important pathogenic mechanisms. Based on the theory of “habitual abortion” (huatai), Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), with tonifying kidney and strengthening spleen as the main therapeutic principles, has preliminarily demonstrated potential in regulating reproductive tract microecology, improving immune imbalance, and enhancing endometrial receptivity. This review aims to summarize the pathological pathways by which microecological imbalance mediates RSA and to reveal the unique advantages of TCM in multi-target and multi-pathway intervention of RSA, thereby providing a theoretical basis for clarifying the scientific connotation of TCM in improving the reproductive microenvironment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yimeng Huang, Tonghui Cao, Mei Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Progress in Acupuncture Treatment of Peripheral Facial Palsy
Peripheral facial palsy is a common clinical neurological disorder, for which acupuncture treatment has proven effective and is widely used. This article reviews recent clinical studies, summarizing the current application status of different acupuncture techniques such as conventional acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and abdominal acupuncture, and consolidating the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with therapies like moxibustion, cupping, massage, and herbal medicine. Current research indicates that acupuncture can exert therapeutic effects by promoting local blood circulation and alleviating nerve edema, and the combination of multiple methods offers synergistic advantages in enhancing efficacy, promoting recovery, and reducing sequelae. At present, treatment protocols are diverse, and their efficacy is affected by factors such as the timing of intervention and procedural standards. Future efforts should focus on optimizing combination protocols, standardizing operational procedures, and elucidating the mechanisms of action, thereby promoting more standardized and effective clinical application of acupuncture treatment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ma Jianhong, Sa Yuping https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Midlife Health Transitions in Women: The Unaddressed Impact on Workplace Well-Being
The article is devoted to research on menopause and perimenopause in the professional sphere of middle - aged and older women. The relevance of the topic is determined by demographic shifts in the workforce, as an increasing number of experienced female employees face the physiological and emotional changes associated with the climacteric period. The novelty of the work lies in its interdisciplinary approach to women's health in the workplace. The study describes the characteristic symptoms of menopause and provides a detailed analysis of their impact on work performance and well - being. Particular attention is paid to the coping strategies used by female employees and the support provided by employers. The research aims to identify how physiological fluctuations and psychoemotional factors influence career decisions and which adjustments in organizational culture contribute to the well - being of women within the team. To achieve this goal, an analytical approach was applied to an extensive array of sources. The work reviews advanced developments by specialists in medicine, occupational psychology, and sociology. In conclusion, the article offers a brief overview of corporate support measures, making it useful for HR departments, managers, and labor researchers focused on enhancing women's health and professional development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kang’ara Anthony https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Embracing AI as a Transformative Force in the Future of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in physiotherapy and rehabilitation is transforming traditional practices by improving diagnostic accuracy, treatment customization, and patient outcomes. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of AI - assisted physiotherapy, examining its role in enhancing recovery speed, providing personalized therapy, and increasing patient engagement. Using a mixed - method approach, we conducted interviews with physiotherapy experts and surveyed 120 patients who have undergone AI - supported rehabilitation. Findings reveal that AI interventions significantly contributed to faster recovery times, with the majority of patients reporting improved outcomes and higher satisfaction levels compared to conventional treatments. Despite these advantages, challenges such as high implementation costs and data security concerns persist. This study highlights the promising future of AI in rehabilitation while identifying areas that require attention for more widespread and secure application.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suryanarayana Raju Sivangi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Clinical Study of Qingguo Zhike Granules Combined with Conventional Western Medical Therapy for Wind-Warm Lung-Heat Disease (Community-Acquired Pneumonia)
Objective: To evaluate the effects and safety of Qingguo Zhike Granules, when added to conventional Western medical therapy, on symptoms, signs, inflammatory markers, and clinical outcomes in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) presenting with a wind-warm lung-heat pattern. Methods: Sixty patients with CAP admitted to the emergency ward, emergency observation unit, or Department of Respiratory Medicine of Neijiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Province, from February 2023 to February 2024 were enrolled. Eligible patients met both the Western diagnostic criteria for CAP and the traditional Chinese medicine diagnostic criteria for the wind-warm lung-heat pattern. Patients were assigned by a random-number table in a 1:1 ratio to a treatment group or a control group, with 30 patients in each group. Both groups received standard Western medical therapy for CAP. The treatment group additionally received Qingguo Zhike Granules (12 g per sachet, one sachet each time, three times daily) for 7 consecutive days. The two groups were compared for time to disappearance of core symptoms (length of hospital stay and time to resolution of cough, expectoration, and throat itching), cough and expectoration scores, lung rale score, body temperature, and TCM syndrome score. White blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil percentage (NEUT%), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) were measured, and adverse reactions were recorded. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment, cough score, expectoration score, lung rale score, and TCM syndrome score decreased significantly in both groups (all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the treatment group had a shorter hospital stay and shorter times to resolution of cough, expectoration, and throat itching (all P < 0.05). After treatment, cough, expectoration, and lung rale scores were lower in the treatment group (all P < 0.05), and the TCM syndrome score was also lower (P < 0.001). When improvement was assessed by the change from baseline (Δ), the reductions in cough score, expectoration score, lung rale score, and TCM syndrome score were greater in the treatment group than in the control group (all P < 0.05). WBC, NEUT%, CRP, and PCT decreased significantly after treatment in both groups (all P < 0.05), but neither post-treatment levels nor Δ values differed significantly between groups (P > 0.05). The total effective rates were 96% and 93% in the treatment and control groups, respectively, with no significant between-group difference (P > 0.05). No obvious adverse reactions were observed during the study. Conclusion: The addition of Qingguo Zhike Granules to conventional Western medical therapy may further accelerate and deepen the relief of cough, expectoration, throat itching, and lung rales in patients with CAP of the wind-warm lung-heat pattern. The combined regimen increased the magnitude of symptom and sign improvement and shortened the time to disappearance of core symptoms, although it did not provide a significant additional reduction in routine inflammatory markers. The regimen showed good safety and may serve as a useful adjunct to integrated traditional Chinese and Western treatment for CAP.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kairui Meng, Ziye Yang, Yicheng Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention in Postoperative Pain after Mixed Hemorrhoid Surgery
Mixed hemorrhoids are common and frequently encountered diseases in anorectal surgery. Although surgery can effectively remove the lesions, postoperative pain remains an important issue affecting patients’ recovery experience and the quality of wound healing. Its occurrence is closely associated with the rich innervation and vascularity of the perianal region, surgical trauma, release of inflammatory mediators, sphincter spasm, defecation-related stimulation, and psychological stress. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, this condition is mainly attributed to incised-wound injury, damage to the meridians and collaterals, impaired circulation of qi and blood, and obstruction caused by damp-heat and blood stasis. It may also be accompanied by postoperative depletion of qi and blood and local malnourishment, manifesting as “pain due to obstruction” and “pain due to malnourishment.” In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine interventions have gradually developed into an integrated therapeutic model involving oral Chinese herbal medicine, herbal fumigation and sitz bath, external ointment application, rectal administration of suppositories, and acupuncture. Related studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine can exert analgesic, anti-edematous, and wound-healing effects by regulating inflammatory factors and pain-related mediators, improving local microcirculation, alleviating edema, and promoting wound repair. This article reviews the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine interventions for postoperative pain after mixed hemorrhoid surgery, aiming to provide a reference for their standardized clinical application.
Copyright (c) 2026 Xingyu Guo, Jin Zeng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
New Strategies for Transdermal Delivery of Active Components from Traditional Chinese Medicine: Research Progress and Prospects of Dissolving Microneedle Technology
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), guided by the holistic concept and the principle of preventive treatment of disease, has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of chronic, inflammatory, immune-related, and other complex diseases. However, most active components of TCM suffer from poor water solubility, limited stability, rapid in vivo metabolism, and low bioavailability. Conventional oral, injectable, and topical routes of administration have obvious limitations, which severely restrict the clinical application of TCM active components. Transdermal drug delivery can avoid the hepatic first-pass effect and improve drug utilization efficiency, whereas the stratum corneum barrier of the skin remains the key challenge limiting transdermal absorption of TCM active components. As a novel minimally invasive transdermal delivery technology, dissolving microneedles can overcome the skin barrier through an integrated “pierce–dissolve–release” mode. They offer multiple advantages, including good biocompatibility, residue-free application, minimal invasiveness, painlessness, and controllable drug release, thereby providing an innovative solution for efficient transdermal delivery of TCM active components. This article systematically reviews the types and selection principles of matrix materials for dissolving microneedles, summarizes the technical characteristics of mainstream fabrication methods such as centrifugation molding, vacuum molding, 3D printing, and droplet-born air blowing, and outlines various loading strategies for TCM active components. Meanwhile, it reviews the current applications of dissolving microneedles for TCM delivery in skin diseases, autoimmune diseases, pain-related disorders, hair disorders, and medical aesthetic repair. Furthermore, this article analyzes current bottlenecks of this technology, including limited drug loading capacity, insufficient mechanical strength, lack of standardized evaluation systems, and inadequate evidence for clinical translation, aiming to provide theoretical references and technical insights for structural optimization, process improvement, industrialization, and clinical translational application of dissolving microneedle formulations containing TCM active components.
Study on TCM Syndrome Distribution Characteristics and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis-Related Indicators in Girls with Central Precocious Puberty
Objective: To explore the distribution characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) and their correlations with indicators related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study design was adopted. A total of 122 girls diagnosed with CPP who visited the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine between March 2024 and September 2025 were enrolled. Western medicine diagnosis was implemented in accordance with the Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Central Precocious Puberty (2022). TCM syndrome differentiation was conducted based on the Clinical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Guidelines of Pediatric TCM: Precocious Puberty combined with clinical expert experience. All patients were categorized into three syndrome types: yin deficiency with effulgent fire, liver depression transforming into fire, and internal accumulation of phlegm-heat. We analyzed the distribution of TCM syndromes and their associations with age at onset, disease course, Tanner breast staging, body mass index (BMI), uterine and ovarian development, and basal sex hormone levels. Results: (1) Among the 122 girls with CPP, 59 cases (48.36%) presented yin deficiency with effulgent fire, 40 cases (32.79%) internal accumulation of phlegm-heat, and 23 cases (18.85%) liver depression transforming into fire. Yin deficiency with effulgent fire was the predominant syndrome type. (2) Statistically significant intergroup differences were observed across syndrome types in age at onset, disease course, BMI stratification, Tanner breast staging, and partial HPG axis-related indicators. Girls with internal accumulation of phlegm-heat had a higher proportion of overweight and obesity as well as relatively longer disease courses; those with yin deficiency with effulgent fire exhibited a younger average age at onset. Basal luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels differed significantly among the three syndrome groups, indicating a correlation between TCM syndrome differentiation and the activation status of the HPG axis. (3) As disease course prolonged, uterine length, uterine volume, and bilateral ovarian volumes all showed an upward trend. Basal LH, FSH and estradiol (E₂) levels also generally increased, demonstrating that disease progression was closely correlated with HPG axis activation and enhanced development of target reproductive organs. Conclusion: The TCM syndrome distribution among girls with CPP is dominated by yin deficiency with effulgent fire, followed by internal accumulation of phlegm-heat, while liver depression transforming into fire accounts for the smallest proportion. Distinct TCM syndrome types differ in disease course, physical development, sexual maturation severity, and HPG axis-related biomarkers, suggesting that TCM syndrome differentiation can partially reflect the clinical heterogeneity of CPP.
Copyright (c) 2026 Haibo Lin, Ge Yan, Juan Hou, Yanni Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Evaluating the Impact of a Clinical Alarm Management Program on Nurses' Knowledge, Practice, and Patient Outcomes in the Intensive Care Unit: A Study at a Selected Hospital
Background: To Improving Clinical Alarm Management in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) for nurses. The Clinical alarms in ICUs can lead to alarm fatigue, compromising patient safety. Major Objectives of the program include Investigating the effectiveness of a clinical alarm management intervention program in improving nurse’s knowledge, practice, and patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: The methodology focused on optimizing alarm signals, categorizing alarms, customizing alarm thresholds, ensuring proper equipment placement, and regularly reviewing alarm settings. Expected Outcomes: Enhanced nurses' understanding of alarm systems, optimized response times, reduced alarm fatigue, improved patient safety, and enhanced overall ICU care quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Leya Mwenge Noe, Sangwa Muyumba Fidele https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Trigeminal Sensory Neuropathy Associated with a Solitary Pontine Lesion: A Case Report
Trigeminal neuropathies are characterised by skin and mucosal numbness in the region innervated by trigeminal nerve. Isolated trigeminal sensory neuropathy resulting from brain stem lesions has been reported rarely. We present a case of young lady with isolated trigeminal sensory neuropathy with solitary pontine lesion.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sheik Imran, Rekha Guelord https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Assessment of the Prevalence of Colour Vision Deficiency Among School Children in Bhadravati, Shivamogga District, Karnataka, India
Colour blindness is an X chromosome linked recessive disorder inherited from mother to son. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the 1063 selected school children samples. The analysis found that 23 (2.16%) samples were identified with colour vision deficiency, all of which were males, with no females identified. Further, among the 23 identified colour blind students’ samples, the protan type of CVD is observed in 3 students and is denoted as protanopes (red light). Similarly, the Deutan type was observed in 20 male students’ samples. Among the CVDs, 23 male samples of Deutan (86.95%) were more prevalent than Protan (13.04%). The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of colour vision deficiency and the screening of red-green colour blindness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shunmathi Babu, Jayachelvi Babu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Research Progress in Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment for Post-stroke Spastic Hemiplegia
Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular circulatory disorder with sudden onset, caused by various inducing factors that lead to stenosis, occlusion, or rupture of the cerebral arteries. Its clinical manifestations are primarily characterized by sudden syncope, loss of consciousness, or abrupt occurrence of facial deviation, hemiplegia, stiff tongue with dysphasia, and intellectual impairment. Stroke can result in motor dysfunction, with spastic hemiplegia being the most common condition, severely affecting the patient’s quality of life and work capacity. This article reviews recent advances in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) research on post-stroke spastic hemiplegia. By elucidating various treatment modalities and conducting a comprehensive analysis of their outcomes, this review aims to better serve patients and enhance their quality of life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yu Gu, Tianhong Ding https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
An Exploration of the Pathogenesis and Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Migraine Based on the Theory of “Luo Yi Xin Wei Xie”
As a common disabling neurological disorder, migraine presents with recurrent attacks and severely impairs patients’ quality of life. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), it falls under the category of “Headache”, and TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment has demonstrated unique advantages in its diagnosis and management. Based on the core principle of TCM Collateral Disease Theory “Luo Yi Xin Wei Xie” this study deeply analyzes the TCM pathogenesis characteristics of migraine and develops targeted syndrome differentiation and treatment strategies accordingly. The study concludes that collateral deficiency, qi stagnation with collateral stasis, and collateral impairment in chronic conditions constitute the core pathogenesis underlying the onset and progression of migraine. These three pathomechanisms interact with each other, further inducing wind invasion and developing into a mixed pattern of phlegm and blood stasis, which eventually result in persistent, intractable pathogenic stagnation. In response to these pathogenic characteristics, this study proposes a therapeutic principle centered on pungent medicinals. By applying pungent dispersing, pungent unblocking, and pungent attack methods, it achieves the goal of treating both root and branch concurrently. This research provides novel insights into TCM diagnosis and treatment of migraine and offers a valuable complement to Western symptomatic therapies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Qian Li, Tianhong Ding https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Research Progress of Humanistic Care in Perioperative Rapid Recovery of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
With the widespread adoption of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) concept, perioperative nursing models have gradually shifted from a “disease-centered” approach to a “patient-centered” one. Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (TCM) Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) significantly shortens the patient recovery period by combining modern medical technologies with the distinctive features of traditional Chinese medicine. Humanistic care nursing, as a critical component in enhancing patient psychological support and quality of life, further reinforces the advantages of this model. This article reviews recent advancements in the application of humanistic care nursing and integrated TCM-ERAS in perioperative care, providing reference suggestions for subsequent clinical practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jiyao Ma, Qiaohong Fang, Qian Yi, Min Luo, Tianju Shang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Advances in the Application of Information Technology in Emergency Nursing Management
Objective: To systematically review the research progress on the application of information technology in emergency nursing management over the past three years. Methods: PubMed, Wanfang, and CNKI databases were searched to retrieve original studies published between 2023 and 2026 on the application of mobile nursing systems, radio frequency identification (RFID), the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and related technologies in emergency nursing management. Data were summarized from the perspectives of human resource scheduling, material traceability management, patient process optimization, quality monitoring and early warning, and clinical decision support. Results: Information technology has been deeply embedded in the entire process of emergency nursing management. In human resources, AI and optimization algorithms have been used for intelligent scheduling and workload prediction. In material management, RFID and IoT technologies have effectively shortened the time needed for emergency supply inventory and equipment location. In patient processes, AI‑assisted triage has improved accuracy and efficiency. In quality control, nursing‑sensitive indicator monitoring systems have been integrated into the national quality control indicator framework. In clinical decision support, knowledge‑based systems provide auxiliary value. 5G and IoT technologies are promoting pre‑hospital and in‑hospital emergency integration. Conclusion: Information technology significantly improves the efficiency and safety of emergency nursing management, but still faces bottlenecks such as information silos and insufficient evidence quality. Future efforts should focus on clinical utility validation of AI decision support systems, construction of whole‑process closed‑loop management systems, and implementation science‑based translational research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuanrong Sun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Clinical and Mechanistic Study of Acupuncture in Treating Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment
As a traditional Chinese medicine treatment method, acupuncture has been widely used in the clinic. Through the literature review in the past 10 years, the author found that acupuncture treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment has significant efficacy, and the clinical and experimental mechanism of action has been increasingly elucidated. This paper summarizes and explores the therapeutic effect of different acupuncture methods on post-stroke cognitive impairment and the regulatory mechanism of acupuncture treatment from two aspects of clinical efficacy observation and mechanism of action, to provide strong evidence and theoretical basis for clinical and scientific research workers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jiaoying Li, Ximei Xie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Clinical Research Progress of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Post-Stroke Shoulder-Hand Syndrome
Shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) is a common complication in hemiplegic patients after stroke, with core clinical manifestations including shoulder-hand pain, sensory dysfunction, vascular regulatory disorders, local tissue edema, and limited range of motion of limbs. These symptoms significantly delay the recovery of upper limb motor function and impair patients’ ability of daily living. As a classic therapy in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), acupuncture has demonstrated definite therapeutic effects in the clinical intervention of post-stroke SHS. This article systematically sorts out and summarizes various widely used acupuncture-related therapies in current clinical practice, including conventional filiform needle therapy, Dici needle therapy, floating needle therapy, wrist-ankle needle therapy, acupotomy therapy, and other special acupuncture techniques applied in the treatment of this disease, aiming to provide valuable reference for relevant clinical medical workers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mingming Feng, Haoyu Dong, Zhaoxin Wan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Renowned Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Professor Shen Shuwen’s Clinical Experience and Medication Principles in Treating Spleen and Stomach Disorders based on the Theory of “Five Flavors Regulation and Treatment”
This paper summarizes Professor Shen Shuwen’s clinical medication experience in treating spleen-stomach disorders by applying the Theory of Five-Flavor Therapeutic Regulation at Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine. Centered on the core tenet of “Harmonizing the Five Flavors to Attain Balance as the Therapeutic Principle”, this theory closely aligns with the physiological characteristics and pathological features of the spleen and stomach, and rectifies zang-fu organ imbalances through the flexible compatibility of medicinal herbs with sour, bitter, sweet, pungent and salty flavors. Professor Shen’s academic thought enriches the connotation of the traditional Five Flavors Theory, embodies the essence of the traditional Chinese medicine therapeutic maxim of “Taking Balance as the Ultimate Goal”, provides novel insights for syndrome differentiation-based medication in spleen-stomach disorders, and holds significant theoretical value and clinical guiding significance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Changxing Xu, Jian Song, Kaiqiang Meng, Jianping Hui, Jiehong Wang, Shuwen Shen, Xiangwen Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Advances in Auricular Point Pressing plus Music Therapy for Subjective Tinnitus
Subjective tinnitus is a common and intractable otological disease in clinical practice. Patients perceive abnormal sounds in their ears without external sound sources. This condition features a long course and high recurrence rate, and is often accompanied by anxiety, insomnia and other problems, which greatly impair patients’ quality of life. Conventional Western medical monotherapies such as medication and sound masking yield poor long-term outcomes, and there is no radical cure available so far. Auricular point pressing therapy in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), based on the auricular holographic theory, can dredge meridians, regulate qi and blood, and balance yin and yang. Music therapy can reshape auditory pathways and regulate emotions through auditory intervention. The combination of the two therapies can regulate physical conditions, repair the central nervous system and relieve negative emotions, serving as a distinctive integrated TCM and Western medicine regimen for tinnitus treatment. This paper reviews relevant domestic and overseas studies in recent years, summarizing the pathogenesis of tinnitus from both TCM and Western medicine perspectives, the individual efficacy and synergistic mechanism of the two therapies, as well as their current clinical application. It also analyzes existing problems in current researches and puts forward prospects, aiming to provide references for the standardized, targeted application and further in-depth study of this combined therapy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ziyun Ye, Xiong Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Research Progress on Common Neurological Diseases Accompanied by Depression in Both Chinese and Western Medicine
Depression is one of the most common comorbid conditions associated with various prevalent neurological disorders, including stroke, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and insomnia. It significantly impairs prognosis, functional recovery, and quality of life of the primary diseases, and markedly increases suicide risk and caregiver burden. Its pathogenesis involves shared mechanisms such as disruption of monoamine neurotransmitter pathways, hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, neuroinflammation, and disconnection of neural circuits. Conventional Western medicine primarily relies on antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and psychological therapies; however, these approaches are limited by delayed onset of action, suboptimal response in some patients, and potential drug interactions. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), based on the holistic concept of “unity of body and mind,” such comorbid depression is categorized under “depression due to underlying illness.” The core pathological mechanisms involve liver qi stagnation, phlegm-blood stasis obstructing orifices, deficiency of heart and spleen, yin deficiency with fire exuberance, and kidney deficiency leading to marrow depletion. Each syndrome pattern has corresponding representative herbal formulas. Classical TCM formulas such as Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Tang, Suanzaoren Tang,have accumulated substantial clinical evidence in alleviating depression through individualized treatment based on pattern differentiation. Their multi-target effects include modulation of monoamine neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, suppression of neuroinflammation, restoration of HPA axis negative feedback regulation, and modulation of the gut-brain axis. The integrated strategy of traditional Chinese and Western medicine can achieve enhanced efficacy with reduced toxicity. This article provides a systematic review of recent research progress on depression associated with common neurological disorders from both traditional Chinese and Western medical perspectives, aiming to offer reference for optimizing clinical decision-making.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yongjie Gao, Xinjie Yang, Hai Lin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Mingmen Fire Exhaustion and the Tumor Microenvironment: A Hypothesis Connecting Traditional Tonic Therapy to Modern Oncology
Objective: To construct a systematic explanatory hypothesis model based on the theory of Mingmen Fire Exhaustion and advances in tumor microenvironment (TME) research. Methods: By integrating the TCM Mingmen theory with modern TME research, this study analyzes the issue at the metabolic, immunological, and microcirculatory levels. Results: Mingmen Fire Exhaustion may participate in TME formation through systemic energy metabolism disorders, neuro-endocrine-immune (NEI) network dysfunction, and microcirculatory perfusion insufficiency; the TME may in turn exacerbate systemic functional imbalance through feedback mechanisms. Conclusion: The proposed “Mingmen Fire Exhaustion–TME” hierarchical hypothesis provides a theoretical framework for the Mingmen-warming tonic approach, yet requires further experimental and clinical validation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Xuan Liu, Jiajing Wang, Chengguang Yang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Exploring the Mechanisms and Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis from the Perspective of the Gut Microbiome
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the major types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is characterized by a prolonged course, a tendency to recur, and the need for long-term management. In recent years, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and the resulting damage to the mucosal barrier, immune and inflammatory dysregulation, and metabolic abnormalities have become key factors that cannot be overlooked in explaining the onset and progression of UC. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment for UC is characterized by holistic regulation that addresses both internal and external factors, and by the synergistic action of multiple components. It has demonstrated potential to improve clinical symptoms, regulate the intestinal microbiome, promote mucosal repair, and reduce the risk of recurrence. Research on interventions such as TCM compound formulas, active ingredients of TCM, TCM enemas, and the combination of acupuncture and herbal medicine suggests that these methods may exert their effects by modulating the microbial community structure, influencing metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, improving intestinal epithelial barrier function, and alleviating excessive inflammatory responses. However, current evidence largely comes from animal experiments, small-sample clinical studies, and systematic reviews, and significant differences remain among studies in syndrome classification, intervention protocols, outcome measures, and mechanisms of action. This study focuses on the gut microbiota to review the pathogenesis of UC, the limitations of Western medical treatment, and research progress in TCM—particularly TCM enemas—with the aim of providing more targeted guidance for the comprehensive treatment of UC and future research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ying Liu, Chunqiu Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Exploring Mechanisms and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Liver and Lung Metastases Based on Theory of “Jin governs Yi and Geng” Meridian Correlation
This study, based on the “Jin governs Yi and Geng” meridian relationship theory, deeply analyzes the pathophysiological connections of colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver and lungs. It is proposed that in the pathogenesis of liver and lung metastasis in colorectal cancer, the mutual generation and restraint of the Five Elements is the core mechanism of metastasis, the balance of Qi, blood, Yin, and Yang in the viscera is the primary condition for metastasis, and the interconnection of the meridians is the key pathway for metastasis. This paper analyzes the traditional Chinese medical theoretical mechanisms of liver and lung metastasis in colorectal cancer, and on this basis, it expands the relevant theories with the aim of providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for clinical treatment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Weicheng Zhao, Renting Li, Hui Qiang, Xingyan Ma, Qianqian Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Exploring Liver Cancer Treatment Strategies from Multiple Dimensions of Liver Physiology in the Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine
Primary liver cancer is a disease that seriously endangers human health, with high incidence and mortality rates, making its prevention and treatment a global challenge. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is classified under categories such as “hypochondriac pain” and “accumulation”. The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine provides a comprehensive understanding of the physiological attributes of the liver. The liver governs dispersion and regulates qi movement; abnormalities can lead to qi stagnation, blood stasis, and phlegm accumulation; the liver stores blood, regulates blood volume, and controls blood; the liver is yin in nature but uses yang, and maintaining a balance between yin and yang is crucial; the liver has a close relationship with other organs. Based on this, treatment strategies for liver cancer include preventing disease before it occurs, emphasizing prevention before disease onset; strengthening the body’s vital energy and expelling pathogenic factors, such as nourishing qi, strengthening the spleen, nourishing the liver and kidneys, nourishing yin to promote fluid production and strengthen the body’s vital energy, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, clearing heat and detoxifying, softening hard masses and resolving nodules to expel pathogenic factors; regulating emotions; and adhering to a holistic approach and syndrome differentiation. Integrating traditional Chinese and Western medicine can enhance treatment efficacy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Xianrun Gong, Yami Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Research Progress on TCM Syndrome Differentiation of Functional Constipation and Application & Prospect of Factor Analysis
Functional Constipation (FC) is a globally prevalent functional intestinal disorder that severely impairs patients’ quality of life. Modern medicine has not fully clarified its pathogenesis, with limited therapeutic effects and a high risk of drug dependence. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) features holistic regulation and treatment based on syndrome differentiation for FC, yet issues such as non-standardized TCM syndrome diagnosis and inconsistent syndrome classification greatly hinder the promotion and application of TCM. As a multivariate statistical method, factor analysis can effectively reveal the internal structure of complex systems and shows great potential in the standardization and objectification of TCM syndrome research. This paper systematically reviews the research status of FC in modern medicine, the understanding of etiology and pathogenesis as well as research progress on syndrome differentiation of FC in TCM, and the application of factor analysis in TCM syndrome studies. Meanwhile, existing problems in current research and future prospects are analyzed. It aims to provide references for in-depth research on TCM syndromes of FC and promote the standardized development of TCM diagnosis and treatment for this disease.
Copyright (c) 2026 Liupeng Zhan, Yi Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Research Progress on Recurrence Indicators of Endometriosis
Endometriosis (EMS) is a refractory gynecological disease with a high recurrence rate. Its clinical symptoms are mainly dysmenorrhea and infertility, showing diverse manifestations. Due to the atypical clinical symptoms and low specificity of diagnostic markers, the recurrence of EMS cannot be detected in time, which puts great pressure on patients both physically and mentally. Moreover, neither single clinical symptoms nor serological examinations can accurately diagnose the recurrence of EMS, and laparoscopic examination, as the gold standard for diagnosis, is an invasive examination. Therefore, it is urgent to find a prediction scheme with high sensitivity and specificity. Although some studies have shown that certain progress has been made in the diagnostic models of EMS, there is still a lack of systematic review of high - precision prediction models for the recurrence of EMS in the postoperative population. This review systematically summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of various single detection indicators, and at the same time sorts out and summarizes the combined detection models of serological markers and digital prediction models, providing reference for predicting risk factors in the research of the EMS recurrence system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wanting Wang, Fei Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Advances in Exercise Prescription for Overweight and Obese Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Chronic low back pain is one of the most common conditions encountered in spine surgery, orthopedics, and rehabilitation medicine. It is also a major contributor to activity limitation, impaired quality of life, and increased healthcare burden in adults. With the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, obesity-related low back pain has attracted growing clinical attention. Obesity may contribute to the onset and persistence of chronic low back pain through multiple mechanisms, including increased mechanical loading of the lumbar spine, impaired core muscle function, chronic low-grade inflammation, and accelerated intervertebral disc degeneration. Current clinical guidelines generally recommend exercise therapy, patient education, and non-pharmacological comprehensive management as first-line strategies for chronic low back pain. Meanwhile, exercise prescription is also a fundamental component of obesity management, with beneficial effects on body weight, body fat, cardiopulmonary function, and musculoskeletal performance. However, several challenges remain in clinical practice, including insufficient standardization of exercise prescriptions, limited individualization, poor long-term adherence, and inadequate integration between health management services and spine-specialty care. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding exercise prescription for overweight and obese patients with chronic low back pain from the perspectives of disease burden, the relationship between obesity and low back pain, exercise-based intervention, weight management, exercise adherence, and remote monitoring. Furthermore, this review proposes a feasible model integrating the Health Management Center and the Department of Spine Surgery for individualized exercise prescription, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for clinical intervention and future research on obesity-related chronic low back pain.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yadan Su, Bin Zhang, Xinzhou Huang, Wang Ying, Liu Mei, Xiaojing Li, Yao Wei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Research Progress on Lifestyle Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is continuously increasing worldwide and domestically. Most patients are newly diagnosed cases. This disease can induce multiple systemic complications. Lifestyle intervention is a primary intervention method recommended in the 2024 edition of the diabetes prevention and treatment guidelines. For patients with prediabetes, a 6-month lifestyle intervention should be implemented first, and if the effect is not satisfactory, drug treatment should be initiated. The onset of T2DM is influenced by uncontrollable factors such as genetics and age, as well as controllable risk factors such as obesity, diet, exercise, sleep, and psychology. Various lifestyle interventions can effectively improve metabolic indicators such as glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure, blood lipids, and body weight, reduce insulin resistance, decrease the use of hypoglycemic drugs, and delay complications. However, there are common problems such as poor intervention compliance and the loss of efficacy after interruption. Improving long-term adherence is the core clinical challenge. In the aspect of exercise intervention, both aerobic and resistance exercises can improve glycolipid metabolism. The combined training of the two has a better effect on improving pancreatic β-cell function, cardiopulmonary function, and cognitive function. Abdominal obesity and small thigh circumference groups benefit more from exercise. Morning fasting exercise is more beneficial than post-meal exercise in reducing glycosylated hemoglobin and visceral fat. Dietary intervention is the core of controlling blood sugar. Balanced diets such as those based on whole grains, fresh fruits, and soy products, plant-based diets, Mediterranean diets, and low-carbohydrate diets can all reduce the risk of disease and improve metabolic indicators. However, the Mediterranean diet has insufficient long-term adherence in the elderly population. Clinically, it is necessary to formulate easy-to-persist dietary plans based on patients’ preferences. In terms of sleep, 7-8 hours of daily sleep is the optimal duration. Insomnia, abnormal sleep duration, and obstructive sleep apnea all increase the risk of T2DM. Fish oil n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can regulate the circadian rhythm and improve sleep. Melatonin should be used with caution as it can reduce insulin sensitivity. Continuous airway positive pressure ventilation can assist in improving blood sugar and kidney indicators in patients with sleep apnea and coexisting sleep disorders. Psychologically, depression and anxiety are genetically associated with T2DM. Community comprehensive care and cognitive behavioral therapy can alleviate negative emotions and improve the compliance of blood sugar self-management. In summary, multi-dimensional lifestyle interventions in exercise, diet, sleep, and psychology have significant value in the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Future research should focus on individualized intervention plans to address the practical problem of insufficient long-term adherence of patients.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mingyue Yang, Haihui Zhu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Research Progress on the Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Both Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disorders, primarily comprising Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). As global prevalence continues to rise and understanding of IBD deepens, research on the diagnosis and treatment of IBD has become a priority for scholars, with early diagnosis and precision treatment being two key areas of focus. However, because current diagnostic methods for IBD lack a gold standard and are subject to the subjective judgment of physicians, they have inherent limitations. In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has provided new approaches and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of IBD. Leveraging its strengths in image analysis and processing, big data analysis, and predictive modeling, AI technology has been successfully applied and validated in certain clinical settings. Furthermore, it can integrate the Four Diagnostic Methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and tongue diagnosis data to enable intelligent pattern differentiation, thereby assisting in the development of integrated TCM-Western medicine treatment plans. This article aims to review the current status of AI technology applications in the integrated diagnosis and treatment of IBD, elucidate its applications and advantages in early diagnosis, pathological analysis, imaging examinations, disease prediction, personalized Western medical treatment, TCM pattern identification and treatment, and integrated TCM-Western medical interventions, and discuss the challenges it faces and future directions for development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zhibei Xu, Chaobo Zhang, Jingru Liu, Jiehong Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Mechanism of Main Extracts from Eucommia Ulmoides Against Osteoporosis based on the Gut-bone Axis Theory
Osteoporosis (OP) is a disease characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue microstructure, leading to increased bone fragility and fracture risk. Its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood [1]. The “gut-bone axis” theory reveals the bidirectional regulation between the intestinal microbiota and the skeletal system, which is highly consistent with the pharmacological effects of Eucommia ulmoides. This article systematically summarizes the research progress of the main active components of Eucommia ulmoides and their prevention and treatment of OP, and reviews from two aspects: the correlation between the “gut-bone axis” and OP, and the mechanism of action of the main active components of Eucommia ulmoides in regulating the "gut-bone axis", with the aim of providing theoretical references for in-depth research and clinical application of Eucommia ulmoides in the field of osteoporosis prevention and treatment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Xin Yang, Jianjun Dang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Research Progress in Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Rotator Cuff Injury
Rotator cuff injury is the most common cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction, with its incidence increasing with age. While modern medicine has made rapid progress in diagnosis (e.g., MRI) and surgical treatment (e.g., arthroscopy), it faces issues such as trauma, high costs, long postoperative recovery cycles, and suboptimal efficacy in some patients. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), based on the theories of “Jin Shang” (musculotendinous injury) and “Bi Zheng” (arthralgia syndrome), utilizes comprehensive therapies including internal and external herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, tuina, and acupotomy. These methods demonstrate unique advantages in alleviating pain, improving function, and promoting tissue repair. This article systematically reviews the clinical research progress of TCM in treating rotator cuff injury in recent years, summarizing findings from the perspectives of etiology and pathogenesis understanding, internal and external herbal treatments, characteristic external therapies (such as herbal external application, fumigation/washing, acupotomy, and meridian-sinew tuina), and comprehensive treatment plans. The analysis indicates that TCM treatment possesses the characteristics of holistic regulation, strong individualization, high safety, and ease of promotion, showing significant advantages especially in mild-to-moderate injuries and the postoperative rehabilitation stage. This article aims to summarize the application of TCM for rotator cuff injury in the past five years, hoping to provide references for clinical practice and scientific research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Xuehan Lu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Review of Current Chinese and Western Medical Treatment Modalities for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is an increasingly prevalent reproductive endocrine disorder characterized by fluctuating decline of ovarian function during its course. The pathogenesis and treatment of POI involve multiple factors, mechanisms, and signaling pathways. In recent years, Western medical treatment has witnessed numerous emerging modalities, including stem cell therapy, extracellular vesicle therapy, human growth hormone therapy, and melatonin. These novel therapeutic approaches not only retain the advantages of conventional treatments but also activate follicular development to effectively restore ovarian function; some modalities even enhance embryo quality and achieve pregnancy. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers diverse therapeutic modalities that regulate disrupted sex hormone levels, alleviate hypoestrogenic symptoms, and simultaneously address patients’ reproductive needs. Treatment modalities are flexible and convenient, encompassing oral administration, external application, and combined internal-external therapies, demonstrating significant clinical efficacy with the added benefits of being non-invasive and relatively cost-effective compared to certain Western medical treatments. Integrated Chinese and Western medicine therapy enhances the therapeutic effects of both medical systems, rapidly ameliorating the long-term impact of elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, as well as reduced estradiol (E₂) levels, on female patients. This review elaborates on six aspects: pathogenesis of POI, Western medical therapies, TCM internal treatment modalities, TCM external treatment modalities, combined TCM internal-external therapies, and integrated Chinese-Western medicine therapy, aiming to provide clinicians with diverse perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of POI.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mengyao Li, Xiaomao Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Research Progress on Modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction for the Treatment of Reflux Esophagitis
Reflux esophagitis is a common subtype of gastroesophageal reflux disease and a frequently occurring digestive system disease in clinical practice. It is characterized by a prolonged course, repeated episodes, and persistent complications that are difficult to cure, seriously affecting patients’ quality of life. Currently, Western medicine treats this disease with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as the preferred treatment. These drugs can significantly suppress gastric acid secretion and quickly improve symptoms such as acid reflux and heartburn. However, long-term or monotherapy with PPIs has certain limitations, as it can lead to various potential complications and adverse reactions. Clinical practice urgently needs to explore safer, more efficient, and more stable treatment options. TCM centers on holistic concepts and syndrome differentiation as its core diagnostic and treatment concepts, offering unique features and advantages in the treatment of chronic and recurrent digestive system diseases. Integrated Chinese and Western therapies have been proven to significantly improve the overall treatment outcomes of reflux esophagitis. Banxia Xiexin Decoction originates from the “Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases.” It is a classic prescription for regulating the spleen and stomach and balancing cold and heat, with the functions of balancing cold and heat, dispersing masses, and eliminating fullness. Numerous basic experiments and clinical studies have shown that this formula can effectively improve clinical symptoms in patients with reflux esophagitis, repair damaged esophageal mucosa, regulate gastrointestinal function, and intervene in disease progression through multiple targets and pathways. This paper systematically reviews the pharmacological effects of Banxia Xiexin Decoction alone, the application of original formulas and their therapeutic effects, the mechanisms of combined formula synergy, and the research progress in integrated Chinese and Western medicine for the treatment of reflux esophagitis, aiming to provide new reference ideas for standardized clinical treatment and mechanistic research of this disease.
Copyright (c) 2026 Na Tao, Weihan Zhao, Yuxi Yang, Fudu Ma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Visual Analysis of Research Literature on Tai Chi Schools Based on CiteSpace
Objective: To conduct a visual analysis of research related to Tai Chi schools, outlining the overall development landscape, research hotspots, and cutting-edge trends in this field. Methods: Literature on Tai Chi schools was retrieved from self-built databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and VIP databases up to May 26, 2025. Bibliographic records were compiled using NoteExpress v4.2.0.10240 software, and knowledge graphs were generated for publication frequency, authors, institutions, and keywords using CiteSpace 6.4 R1 for visual analysis. Results: A total of 993 articles were included, showing an overall fluctuating upward trend in annual publications. The literature involved 563 authors and 425 research institutions, including 115 core authors; the most prolific authors were Chen Zhenglei and Liu Qiaofang; the institution with the highest publication output was Beijing Sport University. High-frequency keywords included “Tai Chi,” “inheritance,” “development,” and “Chenjiagou.” Conclusion: Research on Tai Chi schools primarily focuses on historical origins, martial arts techniques and theory, development and dissemination, as well as medical and exercise physiological effects. “Development,” “Chenjiagou,” and “inheritance” have remained persistent research hotspots in recent years. Future studies should further explore their applications in exercise prescription formulation and integration with wellness practices to advance the development of various Tai Chi schools in health promotion and disease prevention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Xiaoyan Bai, Xiuqin Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Mechanisms of Recurrence in Sequelae of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Review Based on the Theory of Damp-Heat Latent Pathogen
Sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease (SPID) refers to the condition that develops when pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is not effectively treated. In Western medicine, antibiotics are the primary treatment; however, long-term use tends to induce drug resistance and is associated with significant adverse effects. Therefore, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of SPID. Clinical observations indicate that its recurrent nature is closely related to the concealment of pathogenic factors within the body, which remain dormant until triggered by the decline of vital qi or re-infection with exogenous pathogens—a pattern consistent with the characteristics of “latent pathogen-induced disease.” TCM posits that the core pathogenesis of this condition is blood stasis, often complicated by dampness, heat, cold, or deficiency, with the damp-heat stasis pattern being the most common clinical syndrome. The latent damp-heat pathogen harbors within, and over time, transgresses from the qi level to the blood level, leading to qi-blood disharmony and damage to the uterine vessels, which constitutes the core pathogenic mechanism of SPID recurrence. This article aims to explore SPID through the lens of the “damp-heat latent pathogen” theory, with the goal of providing a reference for clinical management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hong Chen, Xiaoping Cui, Huayun Cui https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Value of Multimodal Imaging Quantitative Parameters for Evaluating ALBI Grades in Liver Cirrhosis
Objective: To compare the discriminative performance of quantitative parameters derived from dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) grades in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 93 participants (68 patients with cirrhosis and 25 non-cirrhotic controls). Patients with cirrhosis were stratified by ALBI grade: grade 1 (n = 25), grade 2 (n = 24), and grade 3 (n = 19). All participants underwent upper abdominal DECT and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The following parameters were measured: fractional extracellular volume (fECV), arterial iodine fraction (AIF), and iodine washout ratio (IWR) from DECT; and virtual shear modulus (μDiff) from DWI. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess associations with ALBI grade, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate discriminative performance for adjacent ALBI grades. Results: fECV showed the strongest correlation with ALBI grade (rₛ = 0.824, P < 0.001) and achieved the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) values: 0.898 (95% CI: 0.802–0.971) for discriminating grade 1 from grade 2, and 0.862 (95% CI: 0.731–0.965) for discriminating grade 2 from grade 3. IWR was negatively correlated with ALBI grade (rₛ = −0.777, P < 0.001), with AUCs of 0.835 and 0.851, respectively. AIF was positively correlated (rₛ = 0.756, P < 0.001), with AUCs of 0.838 and 0.827, respectively. μDiff showed a relatively weaker correlation (rₛ = 0.645, P < 0.001), with AUCs of 0.732 and 0.800, respectively. All four parameters differed significantly between adjacent ALBI grades (all P < 0.05, Holm-corrected). Conclusions: DECT- and MRI-derived quantitative parameters can effectively differentiate ALBI grades in liver cirrhosis. fECV exhibits the best discriminative performance, while IWR and AIF may provide complementary information for assessing hepatic functional reserve.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jiaming Zhang, Xiaolin Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Research Progress on Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer
Breast cancer remains the most common malignant tumor in women, with its prognosis closely linked to lymph node metastasis. This review summarizes the current research progress on lymph node metastasis in breast cancer, focusing on imaging diagnosis, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB), prognostic factors, and molecular subtypes. Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. According to the 2018 Statistical Report of the American Cancer Society, there were over 260,000 new cases of breast cancer in 2018, with more than 40,000 deaths attributed to the disease; its overall incidence accounted for 30% of all newly diagnosed tumors in women, showing an upward trend [1]. Reports indicate that the incidence of breast cancer among women in China is comparable to international levels and continues to rise, with approximately 270,000 new cases annually [2]. Since 1990, mortality rates from breast cancer have been declining due to advancements in treatment and early detection methods [3]. It is well established that the prognosis of breast cancer is closely associated with lymph node metastasis [4]. Therefore, evaluating lymph node metastasis and its clinical characteristics holds significant importance for predicting disease prognosis. This article reviews current clinical research progress on breast cancer lymph node metastasis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ruize Ren, Hui Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Correlation Study Between Lumbar HAP Content and Hepatic Fibrosis Severity Based on Revolution CT Spectral Imaging
Objective: To explore the correlation between lumbar hydroxyapatite (HAP) content and hepatic fibrosis (HF) severity, and verify spectral CT’s value in non-invasively evaluating HF-related osteoporosis. Methods: A total of 100 HF patients (25 cases per F1-F4 stage, diagnosed by liver biopsy/FibroScan) and 50 healthy controls were enrolled. Lumbar L2 HAP content was quantified via Revolution CT spectral scanning; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) served as the gold standard for bone mineral density (BMD). Pearson correlation analysis and ANOVA were used for statistical comparison. Results: HF patients had significantly lower lumbar HAP content than controls (89.3±12.5 vs. 118.5±10.2 mg/cm³, P<0.001). HAP content was strongly negatively correlated with HF stage (r=-0.82, P<0.001), with the lowest value in F4 stage (64.6±7.2 mg/cm³) and highest in F1 stage (110.1±9.4 mg/cm³). Conclusion: Spectral CT can accurately quantify lumbar HAP content, which is strongly negatively correlated with HF progression. It provides a reliable non-invasive method for early screening of HF-related osteoporosis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zhiqiang Suo, Qiang Zhang, Gui Chai, Xiaoming Yu, Hao Zhi, Runyu Miao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Study on the Timing of Combined Anti-VEGF Therapy and Focal Retinal Photocoagulation for Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Objective: To explore the optimal timing for focal retinal photocoagulation following conventional intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection in patients with macular edema (ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), so as to provide evidence for individualized clinical management. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 65 patients (67 eyes) diagnosed with BRVO complicated with ME admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Forest General Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. According to findings of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), enrolled subjects were divided into non-perfusion zone group (34 patients, 36 eyes with non-perfusion area ≥5 DD) and neovascularization group (31 patients, 31 eyes). All patients received intravitreal ranibizumab injection followed by focal retinal photocoagulation one week after anti-VEGF treatment. All subjects were followed up for 3 months. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), absorption of retinal hemorrhage and incidence of adverse events were compared between two groups. Results: BCVA was significantly improved and CRT was markedly reduced after treatment in both groups (P<0.05). At 1 month post-treatment, the non-perfusion zone group achieved superior improvements in BCVA (0.60±0.21) and CRT (234.75±54.75 μm) compared with the neovascularization group (P<0.05). The incidence of vitreous hemorrhage was significantly higher in the neovascularization group (16.1%) than that in the non-perfusion zone group (0%, P<0.05). No statistically significant intergroup difference was observed in the absorption rate of retinal hemorrhage (P>0.05). Conclusion: Combined anti-VEGF and focal retinal photocoagulation is safe and effective for BRVO treatment. Early photocoagulation applied at the stage of non-perfusion lesion ≥5 DD facilitates better early visual function recovery and reduces the risk of severe complications such as vitreous hemorrhage, which serves as the preferred timing for clinical intervention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hui Li, Chao Li, Hao Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Research Progress on Intervention Measures of Moisture-related Skin Injury Around Enterostomy
This paper reviews the overview, current situation, influencing factors, evaluation tools and comprehensive management strategies of moisture-related skin injury around enterostomy, and is committed to improving the attention of clinical medical staff to moisture-related skin injury around enterostomy, and providing reference for improving moisture-related skin injury around enterostomy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jingui Wei, Hongyun Ji, Xiaoling Lu, Chaoyan Xu, Aifeng Tan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Pharmacological Mechanisms and Clinical Application Research Progress of Erdong Decoction in Diabetes Mellitus
To summarize the material basis, pharmacological mechanisms and clinical application status of Erdong Decoction for diabetes mellitus, so as to provide references for its basic research and clinical syndrome differentiation medication. Relevant domestic and foreign literatures published in recent years were retrieved. The research progress of Erdong Decoction intervening diabetes mellitus was systematically reviewed from the perspectives of formula compatibility, bioactive components, pharmacological effects and clinical applications. Erdong Decoction contains various bioactive components including flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids. It exerts hypoglycemic effects through multiple pathways such as improving insulin resistance, regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Clinically, it can be used alone or combined with western medicines to treat diabetes mellitus and its complications including diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy. Erdong Decoction achieves definite therapeutic efficacy for diabetes mellitus with yin deficiency and dryness-heat syndrome, and integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment presents prominent advantages. Further experimental verification on the holistic action mechanism of the complete formula is required in subsequent studies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chanchun Lin, Juanjuan Wang, Xiaojun Xiao, Nan Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0