Physical Therapy Interventions for Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Review

Abstract

This case report describes a 12-year-old male presenting with a 1-year history of progressive inability to walk and stand without support, following a period of complete recovery from tuberculosis meningitis at age 3. Functional assessment reveals significant limitations in mobility, including inability to roll independently, walk, or sit without support. Physical examination demonstrates generalized muscle weakness (predominantly 1/5 and 2/5 on MMT in lower and upper limbs respectively), normal tone, and intact sensations. Deep tendon reflexes are diminished to absent in the lower limbs. The diagnosis of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is suspected based on the clinical presentation. A comprehensive physical therapy treatment plan focusing on improving activities of daily living, chest mobility, preventing complications, and improving strength and endurance is outlined. This case highlights the challenges in managing progressive neuromuscular disorders and the critical role of rehabilitation in optimizing function and quality of life.