Exploring Risk Factors for Recurrent Myocardial Infarction Among Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Thiruvananthapuram, India: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study Investigating Clinical, Behavioral Determinants

Abstract

Recurrent Myocardial Infarction (ReMI) is the recurrence of signs and symptoms of ischemia in patients with previously diagnosed Myocardial Infarction. Patients who survive acute Myocardial Infarction in the acute phase remain at risk for recurrent episodes. The incidence of ReMI per year was 2.65 % for the first year, and 0.912 - 1.42 % thereafter upto 5 years. Hence identifying the risk factors associated with recurrent Myocardial Infarction is important to prevent further episodes. The objective of the present study was to assess the risk factors of recurrent Myocardial Infarction among patients with Myocardial Infarction attending Department of Cardiology, Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram. A hospital - based Case Control design was adopted for the present study. The sample consisted of 117 cases and 117 controls. The sample were selected concurrently who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Sociodemographic data and clinical data were assessed using semi structured interview schedule, record review and physical assessment. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors associated with ReMI. Univariate analysis revealed that increasing age, smoking, increasing Body Mass Index, increasing low - density lipoprotein levels and non - adherence to medication were the risk factors of ReMI. Multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression revealed that increasing age (OR = 3.13), smoking (OR = 2.54), increasing Body Mass Index (OR = 2.34) and non - adherence to medication (OR = 21.08) were the significant risk factors of ReMI. Assessing the risk factors associated with ReMI will ultimately help in adopting comprehensive strategies to prevent the ReMI.