Adverse Reactions and Management Principles of JAK Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors act on JAK/STAT signaling and thereby reduce cytokine-driven inflammation and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Their wider use has also brought greater attention to safety issues, notably infection, hematologic abnormalities, cardiovascular events, malignancy, and gastrointestinal reactions. This review describes their mechanisms and clinical use, summarizes common adverse reactions, and discusses management through pretreatment risk evaluation, clinical and laboratory follow-up, dose modification, and targeted intervention. It is intended to inform a safer and more individualized use of JAK inhibitors in RA.