A Comparative Study of Heterophoria in Young Adults with Emmetropic and Myopic Refractive Errors

Abstract

Abstract: This study aimed to explore the relationship between heterophoria (a type of eye alignment imbalance) and refractive error (such as myopia or emmetropia) in young adults. A total of 40 participants took part in the study, including 13 individuals with myopia and 27with emmetropia (normal vision without the need for correction). Heterophoria was assessed using the Free - Space Phoria Card at five different viewing distances: 25 cm, 33 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm, and 300 cm. Across all participants, regardless of whether their heterophoria was esophoric or exophoric, the magnitude of deviation tended to decrease and approach orthophoria (neutral alignment) as the viewing distance increased.