A Descriptive Study to Assess Knowledge of Antenatal Care Among Pregnant Women

Abstract

Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) is essential for ensuring maternal and fetal well - being. Timely diagnostic screening and awareness of antenatal tests play a crucial role in reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity. However, knowledge regarding these tests remains suboptimal in many low - resource settings. Aim & Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge levels of pregnant women regarding antenatal laboratory tests and to identify sociodemographic factors influencing their awareness. Methodology: A cross - sectional descriptive study was conducted among 350 pregnant women attending urban primary healthcare centers. Participants in their second or third trimester were enrolled using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured, validated questionnaire covering demographic details and a 25 - item knowledge assessment. Statistical analysis included chi - square tests and logistic regression using SPSS version 25. Results: Only 14.9% of women demonstrated good knowledge, while 32.0% had poor knowledge. Awareness was highest for hemoglobin testing (81.7%) and lowest for the oral glucose tolerance test (18.3%). Graduate education (AOR=4.8), ≥4 ANC visits (AOR=3.2), upper socioeconomic status (AOR=5.1), and urban residence (AOR=2.4) were significantly associated with better knowledge (p<0.05). Conclusion: Educational status, frequency of ANC visits, socioeconomic position, and urban residence are key determinants of maternal knowledge about antenatal testing. Targeted interventions are needed to improve awareness among disadvantaged groups.