Recent Advances in the Therapeutic Mechanisms and Potential of Baicalin in Atherosclerosis

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a chronic and progressive vascular disease underlying most cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disorders, and endothelial dysfunction. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to natural compounds with multi-target therapeutic potential. Baicalin, a major flavonoid component derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, lipid-regulating, and anti-platelet effects. Emerging evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies suggests that baicalin may exert protective effects against atherosclerosis through multiple signaling pathways, by modulating endothelial function, inhibiting plaque formation, and attenuating vascular inflammation. However, its clinical translation is still limited by the lack of standardized preparations, optimized formulations, and high-quality clinical trials. This review summarizes recent progress on the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of baicalin in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, aiming to provide a scientific basis for its future development in cardiovascular medicine.