Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Malignant phyllodes tumor (MPT) of the breast is a rare fibroepithelial neoplasm characterized by rapid growth, high local postoperative recurrence rate, potential distant metastasis, and the absence of a unified treatment protocol. Giant malignant phyllodes tumor is frequently accompanied by thin skin, dilated blood vessels, and rapid volume increase in a short period, leading to considerable clinical management difficulty. Based on one typical case, this study summarizes the clinical manifestations, imaging features, pathological characteristics, key surgical treatments, and perioperative nursing strategies of giant malignant phyllodes tumor, and explores clinical diagnosis and treatment regimens through literature review. The results demonstrate that complete surgical resection with adequate negative margins is the cornerstone of treatment; individualized perioperative nursing can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. A multidisciplinary team (MDT) model is recommended for giant malignant phyllodes tumor to improve tumor resection rate, lower recurrence risk, and enhance patients’ quality of life.