Current Research Status of Posterior Staphyloma in High Myopia

Abstract

Posterior staphyloma (PS) is the most characteristic anatomical alteration in pathologic myopia and is considered the core structural basis for irreversible vision loss. It is closely associated with various serious complications, including macular holes and retinal detachment. As the global prevalence of myopia continues to rise, the incidence of PS is relatively high among individuals with high myopia, making research on its prevention and treatment highly significant. Currently, the pathogenesis of PS remains incompletely understood. Various imaging modalities each offer unique advantages in visualizing PS morphology, quantifying parameters, and assessing microcirculatory changes. Artificial intelligence is also being progressively applied to PS. This article reviews the current research status of the pathogenesis, evaluation techniques, and treatment strategies for posterior staphyloma in high myopia, providing a reference for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and subsequent research.