Clinical Advances in Anesthesiology Practice: Towards Precision and Perioperative Medicine Across the Entire Surgical Journey

Abstract

Anesthesiology has evolved from a discipline focused on intraoperative analgesia and safety into a core perioperative clinical specialty. This article systematically reviews significant clinical advances in anesthesiology practice in recent years, primarily covering individualized strategies for preoperative risk assessment and prehabilitation, goal-directed precision management based on multi-modal monitoring during surgery, and a rapid recovery system centered on Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) and multimodal analgesia in the postoperative period, along with the expansion of interventional therapies for chronic pain. Concurrently, it explores the profound impact of emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, visualization technologies, and organ protection on anesthesia practice. These advances collectively outline the transformation of the anesthesiologist’s role into that of a “perioperative physician,” emphasizing their core value in coordinating management and improving patients’ long-term outcomes throughout the entire surgical journey.