Research Progress of Raman Spectroscopy Technology in Biofluid Detection

Abstract

Biofluids, serving as dynamic carriers reflecting physiological and pathological states of the organism, hold significant clinical value in disease screening, diagnosis, and monitoring. However, traditional biofluid detection technologies suffer from limitations such as cumbersome operation, long detection cycles, and insufficient sensitivity or specificity, making it difficult to meet the clinical demand for early, precise, and rapid diagnosis. Raman spectroscopy, leveraging its advantages of rapid detection, minimal sample requirements, and the ability to characterize at the molecular level, has been widely applied in the detection of various biofluids. Moreover, when combined with multivariate statistical methods and machine learning algorithms, Raman spectroscopy has demonstrated promising diagnostic potential across multiple disease areas, including tumors, central nervous system diseases, systemic diseases, and metabolic disorders. This article systematically reviews the research progress of Raman spectroscopy technology in detecting various biofluids, analyzes the challenges it faces during clinical translation, and proposes targeted solutions. It also looks forward to future development trends, such as its integration with multiple technologies, expansion of application scenarios, development of portable devices, and in-depth fundamental research, aiming to provide theoretical references and practical foundations for subsequent research and clinical translation in this field.