Research Advances in Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), as the primary microvascular complication of diabetes, is a major cause of blindness in adults. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) classifies it under categories such as “night blindness,” “internal cataract,” and “sudden blindness,” attributing its pathogenesis to factors including congenital deficiency, dietary and emotional imbalances, improper medication, and prolonged consumption of excessive sweets, liquids, and fats. In recent years, TCM has demonstrated unique advantages in DR prevention and treatment through stage- and pattern-specific therapies, including compound formulas, proprietary Chinese medicines, single herbs, and acupuncture. This systematic review summarizes recent advances in TCM understanding of DR pathogenesis and pattern-differentiated treatment approaches.