Progress of Piezo1 Ion Channels in Hypertension Research: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Potential

Abstract

Hypertension, a globally prevalent chronic disease and a common cardiovascular disorder in China, significantly increases the risk of complications such as stroke and coronary heart disease. Mechanosensitive ion channels are capable of sensing mechanical changes in the cell membrane and responding rapidly. Among them, piezo1, a novel mechanosensitive ion channel protein, is widely distributed in the cardiovascular system and participates in the pathological progression of hypertension by regulating processes such as baroreceptor reflex, vascular tone, vascular remodeling, and macrophage polarization. This article systematically reviews the mechanisms underlying the role of piezo1 in hypertension and explores its potential as a therapeutic target, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for precision treatment of hypertension.