Exploring the Connection Between Phlegm–Stasis Interaction and Liquid–Solid Interface Inflammation in Autoimmune Diseases

Abstract

In autoimmune diseases, immune responses at the liquid–solid interface play a pivotal role in the persistence of inflammation and the progression of tissue damage. From the perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the pathological concept of “Phlegm–Blood Stasis Interaction” reflects the tendency of viscous pathogenic factors to accumulate and obstruct at tissue interfaces, which shows a high degree of correspondence with the interface inflammation mechanism described in modern medicine. This convergence highlights the interface as a critical site where pathological mediators drive disease chronicity and organ injury. The present study integrates insights from both TCM and modern immunopathology to systematically analyze the correlations in etiology, lesion localization, material characteristics, and clinical manifestations. Furthermore, we review the progress of Chinese herbal medicine interventions targeting interface inflammation, with particular attention to their regulatory effects on immune–inflammatory processes. These findings not only provide theoretical support for the involvement of TCM in autoimmune disease management but also propose practical pathways for innovative integrative therapeutic strategies.