Research Progress on Circulating Inflammatory Proteins and Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

Abstract

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common orthopedic condition with a complex pathogenesis involving multiple factors. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of inflammation in its development. Circulating inflammatory proteins, such as cytokines, chemokines, and acute phase response proteins, contribute to the onset and progression of avascular necrosis of the femoral head by regulating the immune response, promoting inflammatory cascades, and disrupting bone metabolism. This paper begins by analyzing the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies related to avascular necrosis of the femoral head, along with the links to the inflammatory response within its etiology and pathological mechanisms. It then discusses the fundamental concepts, classification, and mechanisms of circulating inflammatory proteins in relation to inflammation. Furthermore, it examines the connection between these proteins and avascular necrosis of the femoral head, including their potential as biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease monitoring, as well as their prospects as therapeutic targets. The aim is to provide a comprehensive theoretical framework to enhance understanding of the pathogenesis of avascular necrosis of the femoral head and to explore new diagnostic methods and therapeutic avenues.