Urbanization and Women’s Safety in South Bihar: Analyzing Trends in Crime Rates

Abstract

Urbanization is a double-edged sword, offering economic opportunities while also exacerbating socio-economic vulnerabilities, particularly for women. This study investigates the relationship between urbanization and crimes against women in South Bihar using district-level data from the National Crime Records Bureau (2022) and Census of India (2011). The findings reveal a strong positive correlation between urbanization and the incidence of gender-based crimes, with higher crime rates in more urbanized districts. Regression analysis confirms that a 1% increase in urbanization corresponds to a 1.15 unit rise in the crime rate against women. However, literacy rates show no significant impact on crime reduction, highlighting the complexities of socio-economic factors. The study underscores the need for gender-sensitive urban policies, improved law enforcement, and safer public infrastructure to mitigate risks and enhance women's security in rapidly urbanizing regions. Addressing these challenges is crucial to ensuring that urban growth fosters empowerment rather than perpetuating vulnerabilities.