Evaluating the Efficacy of Living Wall Systems in Improving Indoor Air Quality for Residential and Commercial Buildings

Abstract

Living walls have emerged as a sustainable solution for improving air quality in residential and commercial buildings. This study explores the historical evolution, current applications, and future potential of living walls in urban environments. By analyzing historical precedents and modern innovations (Blanc, 2008), the research highlights how living walls contribute to reducing airborne pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM), thereby enhancing indoor and outdoor air quality (Wolverton et al., 1989; Irga et al., 2013). Comparative analysis of residential and commercial buildings demonstrates that living walls regulate humidity, absorb toxins, and improve air circulation (Fisk, 2017). Active living walls with integrated mechanical ventilation systems have shown greater efficiency in pollutant removal compared to passive systems (Feist, 2014). Despite the benefits, challenges such as high installation costs and maintenance requirements hinder widespread adoption. Future advancements in smart green technology, bioengineered plant species, cost-effective materials, and supportive urban policies will enhance the feasibility and effectiveness of living walls. Integrating these systems with renewable energy solutions can further contribute to sustainable urban development. This research underscores the critical role of living walls in enhancing environmental health and encourages further innovations to optimize their long-term impact on air quality.