Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Public Water Works: A Framework for Enhanced Operational Management, Security, and Sustainability

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of digital technologies is transforming public water works by revolutionizing design, monitoring, and management processes. Artificial intelligence (AI) is instrumental in improving water system operations—from real‐time monitoring and predictive maintenance to resource optimization and cybersecurity. This paper comprehensively reviews AI applications in public water works by synthesizing insights from a broad range of recent research. The discussion covers AI’s role in intelligent water management systems, digital data integration, predictive maintenance in wastewater networks, risk management in water distribution, and innovative governance models for sustaining digital water infrastructure. Although benefits such as enhanced leak detection, optimized resource allocation, and real - time decision support are evident, challenges related to data privacy, legacy system integration, and ethical considerations persist. The findings underscore the need for multidisciplinary strategies that combine technical innovation with robust policymaking, stakeholder engagement, and sustainable business practices. Ultimately, modernization and long - term success of public water works will depend on integrated approaches that responsibly and transparently leverage AI.