Gender Barriers in STEM and Professional Spheres: A Systematic Analysis of Challenges Faced by Women

Abstract

India gives the world the maximum number of scientists and engineers as STEM is booming in the past decade. But only 17 women have won Nobel Prize since Marie Curie in the field of Science.19.23% is the rate of female labour force participation and 70% of them are facing labour discrimination. Globally only 18% of girls are pursuing Science and technological education. It would take 202 more years to close the pay gap which is a significant issue in the workplace along with the lack of role models. This study focuses on aspects that are avoiding or discouraging women's participation in Science and Technology such as traditionalism or stereotyped gender roles, leaning on patriarchy for awarding grants and fellowships, pressure to abide by societal norms, marriage and family responsibilities that comes with, childbirth, caretaking so on. This study explores the challenges hindering women’s participation in Science, Technology, and the workplace. It delves into issues such as gender stereotypes, patriarchal biases, pay gap, and other societal norms. The research is based on secondary data from various sources, concluding that increased participation of women in these fields can lead to innovative advancements.